Research in Human-Animal Interaction
Seibert, L. M.
Compendium Continuing Education for Veterinarian. Veterinary Learning Systems, Yardley, USA: 2007. 29: 5, 303-306.
Keeping psittacine species as companions presents several unique challenges that are not involved in the ownership of dogs or cats. Because psittacine species are prey species, they respond differently than dogs and cats to seemingly benign challenges, such as the introduction of a novel item, sudden gestures, or even minor changes to the environment. Most psittacine species kept in captivity do not have the extended history of domestication that dogs and cats have. Because of a tendency to form flocks in the wild and the important functions of these flocks, psittacine species may be less tolerant of isolation from conspecifics in captivity. Many psittacine species have a life expectancy similar to that of humans, requiring a lifelong commitment from the caregiver. In addition, most psittacine species remain reproductively intact, which can contribute to behavior problems as the birds reach sexual maturity. Husbandry considerations that affect mental wellness and behavior in pet birds have been reviewed by Luescher and Wilson and me. Environmental considerations for pet birds include air quality, social interaction, intellectual stimulation, diet variation, foraging opportunities, adequate sleep, reduction of stressors, exercise, appropriate housing, and expression of species-typical behaviors. Inadequate husbandry for exotic species is an extremely important welfare issue, contributing to both mental and physical suffering. Caregivers should be encouraged to learn effective behavior modification techniques to address common behavioral issues, including screaming, reproductive behaviors, and biting.